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1 Sadece Ağdan Kurulumu Yapma

Sadece Ağdan Kurulumu Yapma

Bazen, sadece ağ üzerinden erişilebilen bir makineyi güncellemek gerekebilir. Suse Linux'ta kurulum programını uzaktan çalıştırmak için birkaç seçeneğe sahipsiniz. Bunlar:

ssh

VNC

serial console

Burada, ben sadece "ssh" kurulumunu nasıl başarabileceğinizi anlatmak istiyorum. VNC buna benzer, serial console için ise herşey daha kolay. Bu öneri, derin bir referans değil bir ipucu olarak düşünülmelidir.

Açılışa Hazırlama

Gerekli Kurulum Dosyalarını Elde Etme

İhtiyacınız olan şey; uzak bilgisayarda hem "initrd" kurulumunu hem de kurulum çekirdeğinin açılışını yapmaktır. Aynı zamanda, bilgisayarın sahip olacağı IP-adresini bilmeniz gerekmektedir. Varsayalım ki, sabit bir IP adresine sahipsiniz. dchp kullanıyorsanız, ağ tanımını çıkarabilirsiniz ve dchp sunucusundan aldığınız IP adresini kullanabilirsiniz.

Öncelikle, / boot dizinine "initrd" kurulumunu ve çekirdek resmini koplayın.

cd /tmp
wget -O vmlinuz.install ftp://<path to openSUSE>/boot/loader/linux
wget -O initrd.install ftp://<path to openSUSE>/boot/loader/initrd
cp linux /boot/vmlinuz.install
cp initrd /boot/initrd.install

Example for SUSE Linux 10.0 w/mirrors.kernel.org

cd /tmp
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/opensuse/distribution/SL-10.0-OSS/inst-source/boot/loader/linux
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/opensuse/distribution/SL-10.0-OSS/inst-source/boot/loader/initrd
cp linux /boot/vmlinuz.install
cp initrd /boot/initrd.install

Example for SUSE Linux 10.1 w/mirrors.kernel.org

cd /tmp
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/opensuse/distribution/SL-10.1/inst-source/boot/i386/loader/linux
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/opensuse/distribution/SL-10.1/inst-source/boot/i386/loader/initrd
cp linux /boot/vmlinuz.install
cp initrd /boot/initrd.install

Example for latest development code w/mirrors.kernel.org & i386

cd /tmp
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/opensuse/distribution/SL-OSS-factory/inst-source/boot/i386/loader/linux
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/opensuse/distribution/SL-OSS-factory/inst-source/boot/i386/loader/initrd
cp linux /boot/vmlinuz.install
cp initrd /boot/initrd.install

GRUB Yapılandırılması

Daha sonra, bu imajların açılışını yapabilmek için grub yapılandırmasını hazırlamalıyız. Eğer ip adresiniz 192,168,10,10 ve gateway adresiniz 192,168,1,1 ve kök dizininiz /dev/hda1 ise /boot/grub/menu.lst dosyasına aşağıdakileri ekleyin.

title Boot -- SUSE LINUX 10.1
   root (hd0,0)
   kernel /boot/vmlinuz.install noapic usessh=1 sshpassword="12345678" install=ftp://<path to openSUSE> hostip=192.168.10.10 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.10.1 nameserver=192.168.10.1
   initrd /boot/initrd.install

NOTE: the password must be at least 8 characters long.

Note that you must enter the IP-address in the path to SUSE Linux instead of the name, if you do not provide a nameserver. Then make this entry default by changing menu.lst at the line

default 0

to reflect the section number of your entry.

NOTE: if you want to boot that section only the next time, do not change the default. Instead use the command grubonce 0, where 0 is the number of your new section.

After doing this, do a reboot.

Example for latest development code w/one of the mirrors.kernel.org sites

title Boot -- SUSE LINUX DEVEL INSTALL
   root (hd0,4)
   kernel /boot/vmlinuz.install usessh=1 sshpassword="12345678" install=http://204.152.191.7/opensuse/distribution/SL-OSS-factory/inst-source hostip=192.139.88.209 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.139.88.254 nameserver=192.139.88.1
   initrd /boot/initrd.install

Example for SUSE Linux 10.0 from mirrors.kernel.org

title Boot -- SUSE LINUX 10.0
   root (hd0,5)
   kernel /boot/vmlinuz.install noapic usessh=1 sshpassword="12345645" install=http://mirrors.kernel.org/opensuse/distribution/SL-10.0-OSS/inst-source hostip=192.168.81.242 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.81.254 nameserver=192.168.81.1
   initrd /boot/initrd.install

Example for SUSE Linux 10.1 from mirrors.kernel.org

title Boot -- SUSE LINUX 10.1
   root (hd0,5)
   kernel /boot/vmlinuz.install noapic usessh=1 sshpassword="12345645" install=http://mirrors.kernel.org/opensuse/distribution/SL-10.1/inst-source hostip=192.168.81.242 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.81.254 nameserver=192.168.81.1
   initrd /boot/initrd.install

Start the Installation

The computer will start again, this time booting your installation image instead of the installed system. To reach the installation image, do a ssh to this system:

ssh -X root@192.168.10.10

and enter the password that was given in sshpassword (in the example above, this is 123454678). All you have to do now, is start yast, and proceed as in a normal installation.

NOTE: You may get disconnected before entering the root password, then reconnect after some minutes and enter the given installation password from the that was set initially in the grub menu.lst file. After that you have to run /usr/lib/YaST2/startup/YaST2.ssh to continue the installation.

More Information

The options that may be used at the kernel command line are summarized in /usr/share/doc/packages/linuxrc/linuxrc.html. Instead of the colon, use a equal sign like above when adding those options to the kernel command line. linuxrc always tries to find out as many information as possible on itself, so if you don't provide a network connection, it will try to use dhcp to setup its network.

Network Install